How to get the server information using just a SQL Query on SQL Server?

Easy to do, just execute the following query:

SELECT cfg.name AS [Name], cfg.configuration_id AS [Number], cfg.minimum AS [Minimum], cfg.maximum AS [Maximum], cfg.is_dynamic AS [Dynamic], cfg.is_advanced AS [Advanced], cfg.value AS [ConfigValue], cfg.value_in_use AS [RunValue], cfg.description AS [Description] FROM sys.configurations AS cfg

Results: